The Future Computed: AI and Manufacturing

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Case studies

How an upstart paper company’s drive for efficiency sparked innovations in aerospace, AI, and beyond

Transforming a Crisis Into a Challenge

In the 1960s and early ’70s, long before he would become the head of a high-flying company that used AI to turn manufacturing on its head, Manuel Torres was a young maintenance manager at a paper-making firm in Spain. Work at the company was steady, and the paper industry was strong. But the 1973 oil embargo changed everything: Global oil prices shot up 400 percent, and the cost of raw materials that were tied to the oil market — including those required for making paper — rose astronomically, as well.

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